The role of vitamin D, zinc and selenium in the development of noncommunicable diseases (literature review)

Abstract

A healthy diet is a factor in maintaining and improving health, helping to reduce the risk of developing alimentary-dependent diseases. The article presents the causes of malnutrition, data on the actual deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the population of the Russian Federation. Insufficient content of essential micronutrients in the diet is accompanied by a decrease in the body’s adaptive capabilities, contributing to an increase in the risk of developing non-infectious diseases. The article provides information on the role of chronic low-level inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of noncommunicable diseases. Significant contributors are vitamin D, zinc and selenium, and their deficiencies are widespread. Scientific evidence supports the role of vitamin D, zinc, selenium in the development of non-infectious diseases. The review discusses the role of vitamin D in the development of cardiovascular disorders, discusses the dependence on iron and zinc, which has clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value in anaemia and associated pathological conditions. In addition, the article discusses selenium and zinc deficiencies with the risk of the coronary syndrome, stroke, cardiovascular disease and mortality from them. Despite conflicting data on the effectiveness of oral micronutrient supplementation to prevent and treat chronic noncommunicable diseases, healthcare providers should be informed about the consequences of micronutrient deficiencies and identify micronutrient deficiencies correct them. This is important in treatment and prevention activities for people at risk, especially in endemic disadvantaged regions. The literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, CyberLeninka, e-library.