Abstract
Exosomes are lipid membrane bilayer-encapsulated vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. They carry abundant inclusions (such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) that play pivotal roles in intercellular communication. Tumor stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are crucial for survival, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. The miRNAs (microRNAs) in exosomes have various functions, such as participating in inflammatory response, cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumor stem cells secrete exosomes that act as important messengers involved in various tumor processes and several studies provide increasing evidence supporting the importance of these exosomes in tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review primarily focuses on the production and secretion of exosomes from tumors and tumor stem cells and their effects on cancer progression. Cancer stem cancer derived exosome play an important massager in the tumor microenvironment. It also emphasizes on the study of tumor stem cell exosomes in the light of cancer metastasis and recurrence aiming to provide valuable insights and novel perspectives, which could be beneficial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Molecular and Cellular Oncology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology
Tumor stem cells secrete exosomes that act as important messengers involved in various tumor processes and several studies provide increasing evidence supporting the importance of these exosomes in tumor recurrence and metastasis
This review primarily focuses on the production and secretion of exosomes from tumors and tumor stem cells and their effects on cancer progression
Summary
Cells can influence another cell through the action of exosomes; in some cases, exosomes enable cells to transfer their genetic material to another cell [8, 9]. Exosomes carry a variety of components, including proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids, and metabolites, which may be related to the components and functions of their secretory cells. They are naturally secreted under physiological or pathological conditions [3, 10–12]. Exosomes play an important role in carcinogenesis They have been found to participate in many important cancer processes and have the potential to be used as cancer markers. Tumor-derived exosomes play an important role in multiple stages of cancer progression. This article reviews the role of exosomes secreted by tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development, providing insight into their potential clinical applications
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