The role of triglyceride-glucose index in predicting cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a global medical and social problem, which, in terms of population coverage around the world, is becoming a pandemic. The main cause of premature death in patients with type 2 diabetes is diseases of the cardiovascular system. The presence of diabetes is associated with an increase in the risk of developing coronary heart disease by two-four times, and every sixth patient has signs of myocardial infarction in the past. The risk of developing ASCVD in patients with type 2 diabetes is early onset, rapid progression, and asymptomatic course. It is known that patients with type 2 diabetes develop ASCVD 8–10 years earlier than people of the same age group who do not have diabetes. Along with chronic hyperglycemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes is dyslipidemia, which occurs in 30–40% of patients. Insulin resistance, the state of chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia play a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. The TyG index and the parameter of non-HDL-C have convincingly established themselves as predictors of the development of CVD, as well as markers reflecting signs of the presence of independent factors of the metabolic syndrome that increase the risk of CVD. Conducted clinical studies have confirmed the predictive value of these parameters in relation to CVD. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, development mechanisms, and methods for correcting lipid disorders that underlie the development of CV complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.