THE ROLE OF THE TURKISH MUSLIMS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL FORMATION OF BENGAL DURING THE SULTANATE PERIOD (1204-1525)

Abstract

This research analyzes the role of Turks in the socio-cultural development of Bengal during the Sultanate Period (1204-1525). The study showed that Turkish Muslims contributed significantly to the establishment of fundamental rights in Bengal, such as protecting the rights of people of all faiths, social equality, a fair judiciary, and security. Moreover, the teachings and campaign of Sufis against injustice, including the caste system, social inequality, intolerance, raised public consciousness and people of different religions became interested in Islam as they were fascinated by Sufis' generosity, humility, and normal lifestyle. Followers of all religions were given the opportunity to participate in administrative activities based on merit, generosity, and cooperation provided to other religions; as a result, communal harmony and religious tolerance were achieved. The universal education system was introduced as well as Bengali language and literature were developed. Scholars of other religions were also encouraged, engaged, and respected in the pursuit of knowledge. The isolated areas of Bengal were united for the first time, and the Bengalis formed a nation under the reign of the Turkish Ilyas Shahi dynasty. The study concludes that Turkish Muslims contributed to the development of almost every section of Bengali society and culture.