The Role of the Temperature Factor in Chemical Fibre Technology

Abstract

The thermodynamic definition of a rise in the temperature as a quantity characterizing the thermodynamic equilibrium of a system and the physical equilibrium is examined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules; their limitations are noted. Determination of the temperature as the density (concentration) of electromagnetic energy, which is a function of the frequency and amplitude of vibrations, is proposed. Dissolution and melting of polymers take place under the effect of microwave radiation with a frequency of 1010-1012sec-1 and the far infrared with a frequency of up to 1013sec-1 on intermolecular bonds, causing them to break and accelerating the kinetic units of the chains (segments) enough to convert them into orbital motion relative to each other in circular and elliptical orbits. Chemical reactions take place under the effect of infrared with a frequency of 1015, visible, and ultraviolet radiation with a frequency of 1016 sec-1. As a function of the temperature (radiation energy density), chemical bonds can form due to collisions of molecules and capture of molecules of another reagent at rates not exceeding parabolic rates or breaking of bonds if the atoms involved in the bonds have a rate higher than parabolic. When endothermic reactions take place, energy is consumed in breaking of bonds and is conserved in the form of orbital energy, which is considered as entropy in thermodynamics.