The Role of the Renal Dopaminergic System and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension

Waleed N Qaddumi,Pedro A Jose

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9020139

Abstract

The kidney is critical in the long-term regulation of blood pressure. Oxidative stress is one of the many factors that is accountable for the development of hypertension. The five dopamine receptor subtypes (D1R–D5R) have important roles in the regulation of blood pressure through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of oxidative stress. Dopamine receptors, including those expressed in the kidney, reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression or action of receptors that increase oxidative stress. In addition, dopamine receptors stimulate the expression or action of receptors that decrease oxidative stress. This article examines the importance and relationship between the renal dopaminergic system and oxidative stress in the regulation of renal sodium handling and blood pressure. It discusses the current information on renal dopamine receptor-mediated antioxidative network, which includes the production of reactive oxygen species and abnormalities of renal dopamine receptors. Recognizing the mechanisms by which renal dopamine receptors regulate oxidative stress and their degree of influence on the pathogenesis of hypertension would further advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension.

Highlights

Received: 30 December 2020The development of hypertension is determined by various factors, including genetics, habits, and environment, such as traffic noise and air pollution [1,2,3,4,5]
The natriuretic effect of intrarenal dopamine may be more evident under conditions of a moderate increase in sodium intake/volume expansion [25,26,27,28] but not with marked volume expansion that may be seen with very high sodium intake [29]
We review the relationship between oxidative stress and the intrarenal dopaminergic system in the regulation of blood pressure and the abnormalities involved in the development of hypertension

Summary

Introduction

The development of hypertension is determined by various factors, including genetics, habits, and environment, such as traffic noise and air pollution [1,2,3,4,5]. Sodium retention in hypertension is associated with the failure of signals to decrease renal sodium transport when sodium intake is greater than what is needed to maintain a normal sodium balance [10,11,12]. Fava bean, which increases urinary dopamine and urinary norepinephrine, does not increase sodium excretion [32], probably because norepinephrine antagonizes the ability of dopamine to inhibit renal sodium transport [33]. It should be noted, that the L-DOPA content of fava bean is 1/10 that of fava bean seedlings [31]. We review the relationship between oxidative stress and the intrarenal dopaminergic system in the regulation of blood pressure and the abnormalities involved in the development of hypertension

Oxidative Stress and Hypertension

Renal Dopaminergic System

Impaired Dopamine Receptor Function and Hypertension

10. Renal Dopaminergic and Renin-Angiotensin Systems Interaction in Oxidative

11. Conclusions