Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Genetic and epigenetic alterations play a decisive role in the onset of several human neoplasms. Mutations and polymorphisms are two frequent genetic alterations. Located on chromosome 19 (19p13.11), the NIS SLC5A5 (solute carrier family 5 member 5) gene encodes a highly specialized and efficient 80–90 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates active transport of iodide from the bloodstream into the follicular cells. Given the highly significant role of NIS in the physiology and the cancer pathogenesis process, this paper's objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the associations between NIS gene and protein with papillary thyroid cancer.
Highlights
The thyroid gland is one of the largest glands in the human body
The results showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 39 of the ATM gene and the exon 10 of the XRCC1 gene may be the markers of protection in adults’ Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), whereas, in the SNPs of ATM, IVS22-77 and TP53 genes at codon 72 may be associated with the risk of PTC development in nonirradiated and irradiated subjects [7]
The oncogene BRAF V600E is associated with a high risk of recurrence and less differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the impairment of Na+/I− targeting
Summary
Located anterolaterally to the trachea and larynx, it consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. It is composed histologically of two main types of parenchymal cells: the follicular ones, where there is a higher concentration of iodine and the production of thyroid hormones (HT) T3 and T4, and the parafollicular cells, in which the hormone calcitonin is produced. The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing among men and women, driven by the papillary subtype, representing approximately 90% of cases. When comparing the incidence by gender, the rates are higher in women than in men, of which the greater representativeness is in whites, besides increasing with age [2]
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