Abstract
One role of neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune sentinels, is neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which plays a significant role in immune surveillance. However, NET operation is bidirectional. Recent studies report that NETs may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. The participation of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of that disease is dependent on an autoinflammatory feedback loop between neutrophils, lymphocytes, dendritic cells and keratinocytes. Our aim was to clarify the field of NET research in psoriasis and highlight the main factors required for NET generation, which may be a target of new therapies. This article presents a comphrehensive review concerning studies addressing the participation of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Based on the available English-language literature, we discuss original papers presenting significant research findings which may help to understand and interpret the NET formation process in psoriasis, as well as the newest systematic reviews on PubMed. Next, the comparison, synthesis and summary of reported results were performed to clearly indicate the specific component of the NET which participates in the development of psoriasis.
Highlights
One role of neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune sentinels, is neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which plays a significant role in immune surveillance
Recent studies have paid more attention to extracellular traps, which may damage the tissues of the host and may be involved in the progression of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis
The participation of neutrophils in the course of psoriasis is dependent on an interaction with keratinocytes, dendritic cells and T cells
Summary
At the beginning of infection, locally released molecules attract by chemotaxis the most abundant immune sentinels—phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) These phagocytes use a number of factors, including proteolytic enzymes and antibacterial peptides as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to engulf and dispose of microorganisms both inside cells and in the extracellular space [1]. The secretory vesicles promote neutrophil recruitment by releasing alkaline phosphatase [7,8] (Table 1) This process is related to the neutrophil extracellular trap’s (NET) formation by activated neutrophils [9]. Extracellular traps may be formed by monocytes or macrophages [14] This process seems to function as an alternative defense mechanism that is activated when cell phagocytic capacity is insufficient [15]. Connecting with DNA [25].with DNA [25]
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