Abstract
Observations of a correlation between the distribution of certain aquatic invertebrate species and different water pollution levels are — perhaps contrary to the expectation — not very recent. One could even say that such observations are older than ecology itself; as early as 1848 it was correctly concluded that the absence of caddis larvae from a stream can be caused by the presence of a city upstream (KOLENATI, 1848). The term ‘ecology’ was blended in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel, together with a definition of the field to be studied by this new science.
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