THE ROLE OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM AND CANNABIDIOL (CBD) IN THE TREATMENT OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND COMORBIDITIES

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by persistent deficits in communication and social interaction, along with restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Conventional interventions often face limitations, prompting interest in alternative treatments, particularly those involving the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and cannabidiol (CBD). Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of the ECS and the efficacy of CBD as therapeutic interventions for ASD and its comorbidities. Methods: A literature review was conducted, focusing on articles published in Portuguese, Spanish, and English from 2019 to 2024. Databases such as the Virtual Health Library, LILACS Plus, and Medline were searched using descriptors: “Cannabidiol,” “Autism,” and “Endocannabinoid System”. Boolean terms “AND” and “OR” refined the results. A total of 7 articles from Medline and 3 from LILACS were initially identified. Results: The review identified 10 relevant articles that provided comprehensive insights into the effects of CBD on core ASD symptoms, including social interaction and anxiety. Most studies reported significant improvements in patients, with minimal adverse effects, emphasizing the safety of CBD compared to traditional treatments. Conclusion: The findings suggest that CBD may offer a promising alternative for treating ASD and its comorbidities, with a favorable safety profile. Continued research is essential to establish effective guidelines for clinical application.