Abstract
Bangladesh is prone to recurring natural hazards due to its geographical position and topography. The country has suffered casualties and damage to homes, agriculture, and the economy as a result of tropical cyclones. Effective disaster management approaches are required to reduce the risk of disaster and loss. The Constitution of Bangladesh plays an active role in implementing these approaches at the national and sub-national level. This article analyzes parts of the Constitution addressing disaster management by ensuring disaster governance and adaptive governance. To examine the theoretical aspects of disaster management from a global and Bangladesh perspective, the current institutional role for disaster management, the difference in service delivery for specific organizations, and human rights and humanitarian aspects, a study was conducted based on secondary data and information. Bangladesh's supreme law supports all phases of the disaster management cycle. Consequently, it is said that the Constitution would be an essential document for effective disaster management at all levels.
Highlights
According to the United Nations (UN), “Disaster is a serious disruption to the functioning of a society or community due to extensive material, human, economic or environmental influences, which is beyond the capabilities of the affected community or society to cope using its resources” (UNISDR, 2015; Hossain, Rahman and Islam, 2016)
A systematic literature review has been conducted for understanding the Constitution in context of disaster management from the perspective of Bangladesh, different institutions meant for disaster management, gaps between services being provided and the roles of the designated organizations, human rights and humanitarian factors (Pal and Shaw, 2018)
People of Bangladesh had expectations that the Constitution would ensure their rights during disasters too, as the people have the fundamental right to get basic necessities from the State
Summary
According to the United Nations (UN), “Disaster is a serious disruption to the functioning of a society or community due to extensive material, human, economic or environmental influences, which is beyond the capabilities of the affected community or society to cope using its resources” (UNISDR, 2015; Hossain, Rahman and Islam, 2016). The Hyogo Framework for Action 20052015 (HFA) played a significant role in disaster risk reduction and adopted a guideline for mitigating disaster vulnerability by UN member countries in 2005. The HFA provides five priority areas for action, guidelines, and practical tools for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities in the context of sustainable development (UNISDR, 2005; Jones et al, 2014; Hasan, Nasreen and Chowdhury, 2019). Mitigating natural disaster risk is the key to this policy, and it emphasized that the poor suffered to natural disasters. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are policy priorities aimed at improving the resilience and reducing the vulnerability of the poor (Shaw, Mallick and Islam, 2013). The main thrust is how to develop the necessary risk reduction processes, focusing on the poor and vulnerable people
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