Abstract
Cytokinesis divides a mother cell into two daughter cells at the end of each cell cycle and proceeds via the assembly and constriction of a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR). Ring constriction promotes division furrow ingression, after sister chromatids are segregated to opposing sides of the cleavage plane. Cytokinesis contributes to genome integrity because the cells that fail to complete cytokinesis often reduplicate their chromosomes. While in animal cells, the last steps of cytokinesis involve extracellular matrix remodelling and mid-body abscission, in yeast, CAR constriction is coupled to the synthesis of a polysaccharide septum. To preserve cell integrity during cytokinesis, fungal cells remodel their cell wall through signalling pathways that connect receptors to downstream effectors, initiating a cascade of biological signals. One of the best-studied signalling pathways is the cell wall integrity pathway (CWI) of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its counterpart in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the cell integrity pathway (CIP). Both are signal transduction pathways relying upon a cascade of MAP kinases. However, despite strong similarities in the assembly of the septa in both yeasts, there are significant mechanistic differences, including the relationship of this process with the cell integrity signalling pathways.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
We have described before how Rho1/2p and Pck1/2p regulate the synthesis of the main components of the cell wall, thereby organising the synthesis and/or assembly of the primary and secondary septa
We believe that though the main rules governing the physiological relationship between cell integrity signalling and septum assembly are similar, sometimes the molecular mechanisms underlying both processes are different
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Their role is well documented in S. cerevisiae, where these sensors can detect the mechanical tension between the cell wall (CW) and the plasma membrane (PM) [1,2] They function as upstream triggers of the cell integrity pathway and activate membrane-associated RhoA type GTPases through specific GEFs, the ScRom2p and SpRgf1p [3,4]. In S. cerevisiae, the MAP kinase Slt2p phosphorylates the Rlm1p transcription factor that mediates a strong response.genes. This involved response in encompasses genes transcriptional response. The potential signal transduction in S.have pombe have been elusive, but are numerous in S. cerevisiae The effect of such targets will be described later in the context of septum assembly.
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