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Abstract
Abundant research has mapped the inflammatory pathways leading to autoimmunity and neuroinflammatory disorders. The latest T helper to be identified, Th17, through its proinflammatory cytokine IL-17, plays a pathogenic role in many inflammatory conditions. Today, healthcare providers have a wealth of anti-inflammatory agents from which to choose. On one hand, pharmaceutical companies market brand-name drugs direct to the public and physicians. Medical botanical knowledge, on the other hand, has been passed down from generation to generation. The demands for natural healing therapies have brought corresponding clinical and laboratory research studies to elucidate the medicinal properties of alternative practices. With a variety of options, it can be difficult to pinpoint the proper anti-inflammatory agent for each case presented. In this review, the authors highlight a vast array of anti-inflammatory medicaments ranging from drugs to vitamins and from botanicals to innate molecules. This compilation may serve as a guide for complimentary and alternative healthcare providers who need to target neuroinflammation driven by Th17 and its inflammatory cytokine IL-17. By understanding the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory agents, CAM practitioners can tailor therapeutic interventions to fit the needs of the patient, thereby providing faster relief from inflammatory complaints.
Highlights
Parts I and II of this series detail the destructive Th17 inflammatory pathway
By eliminating the key that unlocks IL-17-expressing Th17 cells, CAM practitioners may turn around the inflammatory response by targeting RORγt cells in their patients presenting with neuroimmune inflammatory disorders
The authors of this study suggest the potential use of resveratrol and curcumin in the development of therapeutic protocols aimed at alleviating the low-level, chronic inflammation often seen in obese patients with a propensity toward cardiovascular disorders and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Summary
Parts I and II of this series detail the destructive Th17 inflammatory pathway. Here, we present ways to intervene. Recombinant soluble TNF receptor, etanercept (Enbrel), binds to TNF and blocks inflammatory activity, while infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira) are monoclonal antibodies specific for TNF, binding to TNF and blocking inflammatory activity [11,12,13,14] These anti-cytokine therapies are not specific and their long-term use can result in the development of immune complexes [15]. Pharmaceutical reviews by Drugs.com, an independent Internet source for consumers and healthcare providers, offer warnings associated with anti-cytokine medications that include drug interactions, suppressed immunity, exacerbation of heart disease and susceptibility to serious infections. These are just a few examples from a laundry list of potential problems. Full investigation into drug interactions, side effects and possible dire consequences of long-term use needs to be performed before the onset of pharmaceutical, anticytokine treatment
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