Abstract
The influences of environmental temperature and fretting frequency on the mechanisms and rates of wear in a like-on-like 304 stainless steel contact were examined and mainly attributed to changes in the mechanical response of the bulk material and to changes in the behaviour of the oxide debris formed in the fretting process. At low temperatures, wear proceeds by continual oxide formation and egress from the contact, whilst at high temperatures, the rate of wear is much reduced, associated with the development of oxide formed into a protective bed within the contact. The temperature at which the change between these two behaviours took place was dependent upon the fretting frequency, with evidence that, at this transition temperature, changes in behaviour can occur as the fretting test proceeds under a fixed set of conditions. An interaction diagram has been developed which provides a coherent framework by which the complex effects of these two parameters can be rationalised in terms of widely accepted physical principles.
Highlights
Fretting between two bodies in contact typically results in damage in the form of either wear and/or fatigue [1]
The influences of environmental temperature and fretting frequency on the mechanisms and rates of wear in a like-on-like 304 stainless steel contact were examined and mainly attributed to changes in the mechanical response of the bulk material and to changes in the behaviour of the oxide debris formed in the fretting process
The oxide may act in an abrasive manner and the increase in the amount of oxide formed would lead to an increased wear (note that on the interaction diagram (Fig. 15), this is described via a decrease in temperature);
Summary
Fretting between two bodies in contact typically results in damage in the form of either wear and/or fatigue [1]. The fretting frequency can affect these three influences as a result of: (1) temperature changes in the region of the contact due to the variation of the friction power dissipation; (2) changes in the time between interactions of an asperity in the contact (which will influence the oxidation of the nascent metal which takes place); (3) changes in the motion of debris particles and their retention in (or egress from) the contact [2, 5] Details of these three primary mechanisms of influence will be addressed. The yield stress of a metal generally falls as the temperature is increased [6], and it is expected that fretting tests conducted at a higher environmental temperature will exhibit more significant plastic deformation It was suggested by Kapoor [7] that plasticity by ratcheting can result in crack formation parallel to the surface leading to delamination. Fouvry et al [8] argued that global surface shear plasticity can lead to high fretting wear rate
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