The Role of Technology to Teaching and Learning Sign Languages: A Systematic Mapping

Abstract

Context: The teaching and learning process has become essential for the evolution of the society as a whole. However, there are still major challenges for achieving the global goals of education, especially if we consider the portion of the population with some type of physical disability. In this context, according to World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), deaf children face many difficulties in education due to inappropriate learning environments. Also, this problem is compounded by the lack of consistency worldwide in the provision of sign language interpreting and translation. Motivation: However, the advent of technology is having a significant impact on the way that sign language interpreters and translators work. In this sense, the union between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and modern pedagogical practices can be the genesis for the creation of a global learning environment based on sign languages. Objective: In this scenario, this work aims to: (i) obtain an overview of the areas of Software Engineering and their technological solutions in the fields of teaching and learning sign languages; (ii) identify the main educational topics; and (iii) the most investigated sign languages. Method: Therefore, we conduct a Systematic Mapping (SM) with a focus on technologies applied in the teaching and learning of sign languages. Results: We selected 139 primary studies, using a search approach that includes both manual and automated searches, in addition to providing quality criteria for evaluating results. Thereby, we obtained pertinent information about the implemented solutions, in addition to the educational topics and sign languages covered. Conclusions: We conclude that technologies have already contributed to the teaching and learning of sign languages. In this context, different approaches were found, from solutions on traditional platforms (Web, Mobile and Desktop) to the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in smart glasses. However, no solution aims to enable communication between different sign languages, which shows a limitation that can motivate even more innovative research.