Abstract
Although ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) has great performance in strength and durability, it has a disadvantage in the environmental aspect; it contains a large amount of cement that is responsible for a high amount of CO2 emissions from UHPC. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), industrial by-products or naturally occurring materials can help relieve the environmental burden by reducing the amount of cement in UHPC. This paper reviews the effect of SCMs on the properties of UHPC in the aspects of material properties and environmental impacts. It was found that various kinds of SCMs have been used in UHPC in the literature and they can be classified as slag, fly ash, limestone powder, metakaolin, and others. The effects of each SCM are discussed mainly on the early age compressive strength, the late age compressive strength, the workability, and the shrinkage of UHPC. It can be concluded that various forms of SCMs were successfully applied to UHPC possessing the material requirement of UHPC such as compressive strength. Finally, the analysis on the environmental impact of the UHPC mix designs with the SCMs is provided using embodied CO2 generated during the material production.
Highlights
Ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) is one of the leading construction materials with greatly advanced properties compared to conventional concrete
Studies adopting other supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) that do not belong to the SCM categories of slag, fly ash (FA), limestone powder (LP), and MK to reduce the amount of cement and SF in UPHC are summarized in this subsection
The Basalt Stone Powder (BP) dosage of 14% to the total binder resulted in lower autogenous and drying shrinkage because the usage of BP reduces the amount of cement in ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC), and BP can make the microstructure denser so that the surface water evaporates slowly compared to the reference specimen with SF and FA only
Summary
Ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) is one of the leading construction materials with greatly advanced properties compared to conventional concrete. In addition to the remarkable compressive strength, UHPC, designed based on a particle packing theory, possesses superior durability compared to conventional concrete with the help of dense microstructure [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Even though the structure member size can be smaller with UHPC than conventional concrete because of its high strength [35], UHPC generally contains cement about three times higher than normal concrete by volume [25,36]. This paper reviewed the effect of various SCMs on UHPC performances.
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