Abstract
Salmonella spp. remains a major public health problem for the whole world. To reduce the use of antimicrobial agents and drug-resistant Salmonella, a better strategy is to explore alternative therapy rather than to discover another antibiotic. Sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains attract signaling proteins and orchestrate them toward cell signaling and membrane trafficking pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity against infecting pathogens. It is therefore mandatory to exploit the role of the membrane sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia infected by this pathogen. In the present review, we focus on the role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia against Salmonella infection, including adhesion, autophagy, bactericidal effect, barrier function, membrane trafficking, cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression. The intervention of sphingolipid-enhanced foods to make our life healthy or pharmacological agents regulating sphingolipids is provided at the end.
Highlights
Salmonella species remain a major public health problem for the whole world
We focus on the role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia against Salmonella infection
The importance of glycosphingolipids in Salmonella infection was discovered in a patient with Gaucher disease, a sphingolipidosis characterized by abnormal accumulation of glucocerebroside in cells of the monocyte–macrophage system due to inadequate GlcCer glucosidase [24]
Summary
Salmonella species remain a major public health problem for the whole world. it is mandatory to explore alternative therapy to antibiotic treatment in order to reduce both the use of antimicrobial agents and the emergence of drug-resistant Salmonella. Proteins and lipids of the plasma membrane assemble into small dynamic subdomains that can be stabilized to form larger specialized microdomains [1] These sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched lipid microdomains ( called lipid rafts) [2] attract signaling proteins and orchestrate them toward cell signaling and membrane trafficking pathways [3,4,5,6]. These reviews have highlighted the important role of such microdomains for the regulation of many biological and pathological processes. We focus on the role of sphingolipids in the innate immunity of intestinal epithelia against Salmonella infection
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