The Role of Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Predicting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is now routinely included in cardiac evaluations, but its role in predicting mortality and morbidity in congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well described. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the prognostic value of STE in patients with CHD. The EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception to January 2023 for terms related to all CHD, STE, and prognosis. Meta-analysis of association of right ventricle and left ventricle strain (RV Sl and LV Sl, respectively) with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was performed in atrial switch transposition of the great arteries (asTGA)/congenitally corrected TGA (ccTGA), tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), and congenital aortic stenosis (cAS)/bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). P-value combination analysis was additionally performed for all CHD groups. A total of 33 studies (30 cohorts, n=8,619 patients, children, and adults) were included. Meta-analysis showed the following parameters as being associated with MACE: RV Sl in asTGA/ccTGA (hazard ratio [HR]=1.1/%; CI, [1.03; 1.18]), RV Sl and LV Sl in ToF (HR=1.14/%; CI, [1.03; 1.26] and HR=1.14/%; CI, [1.08; 1.2], respectively), and LV Sl in cAS/BAV (HR=1.19/%; CI, [1.15; 1.23]). The RV Sl and strain rate were associated with outcomes also in single ventricle/hypoplastic left heart syndrome (at all palliation stages except before Norwood stage 1) and LV Sl in Ebstein's anomaly. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that biventricular strain and strain rate were associated with outcomes in a variety of CHD, highlighting the need for updated recommendations on the use of STE in the current guidelines, specific to disease types.