The role of sorbents and probiotics in prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of animals developing in dysbiosis

L.O Stechenko,O.A Nazarchuk,O.V Rymsha,V.P Shirobokov,V.V Bobyr

doi:10.31393/morphology-journal-2020-26(2)-07

Abstract

The past decade is characterized by a noticeable increase in the interest of physicians in all areas of activity in the development of new and improvement of existing approaches to the correction of dysbiotic disorders. Among them, the concept of using probiotics occupies a leading position. At the same time, some enterosorbents, the mechanism of action of which is largely due to the sanitation of the intestinal lumen and due to this improvement of conditions for the vital activity of the physiological microbiota, can be attributed to the group of means of improving the normal microflora. In the context of an increase in the level of resistance to antibacterial agents, the inclusion of enterosorbents in the complex therapy of dysbiosis is an important and pathogenetically justified approach. The aim of the work was to clarify the effectiveness of the use of sorbents and probiotics for the prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of white mice developing against the background of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Electron-microscopic methods showed that in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice after using the probiotic “Simbiter” the extinction of manifestations of cytodestructive disorders is observed. In addition, the obtained electron microscopic data, indicating the ability of probiotic drugs with the simultaneous introduction into the body of animals with a complex of antibiotics, to stimulate the body’s immune response. As a result of ultrastructural analysis of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice, the formation of dysbiosis in which occurred against the background of the use of enterosorbents, a decrease in the severity of structural damage was found, compared with the group of animals that received only antibiotics. After using “Symbiogel”, activation of plasma cells was registered, which can be an indicator of the inflammatory process and the activity of the immune response in general, as evidenced by the detection of plasma cells with dilated tubules. In general, it should be noted that the use of “Symbiogel” for the prevention of dysbiotic disorders contributes to the formation of a more pronounced immune response, compared with probiotic drugs. So, on the model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis at the ultrastructural level, the ability of multiprobiotics “Simbiter®” and sorbent “Symbiogel” to reduce cytodestructive changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice and normalize morphoimunogenesis was proved.

Highlights

Nowadays, the interest of scientists in studying the normal human microflora is growing
Materials and methods White laboratory mice of the BALB/c line were selected as a model for studying morphofunctional changes of the small intestinal mucosa in antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and after their correction with probiotics and enterosorbents
As a result of the analysis of structural and morphological changes of the small intestine of mice with antibioticinduced dysbiosis the expressed disturbances accompanying this process are recorded: shortening of microvilli length and their partial reduction or destruction with subsequent disintegration, absence of brush border, mitochondria and the presence of autophagosomes (Fig. 1A), as well as an increase in the number of eosinophils, which are an indicator of allergic reactions, as they are directly involved in protective allergic and anaphylactic reactions of the body (Fig. 1B)

Summary

Introduction

The interest of scientists in studying the normal human microflora is growing. The term "normal microflora" is often replaced by the term "microbiome" [9]. It should be noted that progress in the study of the microbiome and its role in maintaining human health is considered one of the key achievements of modern biology and medicine [11]. Among the many causes of dysbiotic disorders in the first place is the use of chemotherapeutic antimicrobials, often broadspectrum and with an oral mechanism of administration. Dangerous in this regard is the use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes. Some other groups of drugs can contribute to the formation of dysbiosis by affecting the kinetics of the epithelium of mucous membranes and, the composition of mucin (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, laxatives, cholagogues, enveloping agents with sorbent properties and some others) [23, 25]

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