Abstract
DNA damage is a common phenomenon promoted through a variety of exogenous and endogenous factors. The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway involves a wide range of proteins, and as was indicated, small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). These are double-strand break-induced RNAs (diRNAs) and DNA damage response small RNA (DDRNA). Moreover, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA modifications have also been identified to modulate diRNA and DDRNA function in the DDR process. Several theories have been formulated regarding the synthesis and function of these sncRNAs during DNA repair; nevertheless, these pathways’ molecular details remain unclear. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of diRNA and DDRNA biosynthesis and discuss the role of sncRNAs in maintaining genome stability.
Highlights
During life, all cells in our body are continuously challenged by factors that induce damages in our DNA
We have discussed the potential function of small noncoding RNAs associated with double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the maintenance of genome stability
We have mainly focused on the mechanisms of double-strand break-induced RNAs (diRNAs)’ and DNA Damage Response Small RNA (DDRNA)’ biosynthesis and their role in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway
Summary
All cells in our body are continuously challenged by factors that induce damages in our DNA. The resulting DNA lesions (nucleotide adducts, inter-strand cross-links or single-/double-strand breaks (SSBs/DSBs)) created by these factors are very dangerous and if left unrepaired or repaired incorrectly can lead to: (a) mutations, (b) chromosomal rearrangements, (c) aberrant DNA repair gene expression profiles, all of each contribute to cancer [4]. To counteract these lesions and preserve genome stability, cells evolved a molecular system that detects damaged DNA, signals their presence, promotes their repair as well as initiates signaling pathways that impact a wide range of cellular processes. A number of reports have implicated the function of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in DDR [12,13,14], which we would like to discuss here in more detail
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