Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize Li1+xAlxTixSn2−2x(PO4) sodium super ion conductor (NASICON) -based ceramic solid electrolyte and to study the effect of dual metal substitution on the electrical and structural properties of the electrolyte. The performance of the electrolyte is analyzed based on the sintering temperature (550 to 950 °C) as well as the composition. The trend of XRD results reveals the presence of impurities in the sample, and from Rietveld Refinement, the purest sample is achieved at a sintering temperature of 950 °C and when x = 0.6. The electrolytes obey Vegard′s Law as the addition of Al3+ and Ti4+ provide linear relation with cell volume, which signifies a random distribution. The different composition has a different optimum sintering temperature at which the highest conductivity is achieved when the sample is sintered at 650 °C and x = 0.4. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis showed that higher sintering temperature promotes the increment of grain boundaries and size. Based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, x = 0.4 produced the closest atomic percentage ratio to the theoretical value. Electrode polarization is found to be at maximum when x = 0.4, which is determined from dielectric analysis. The electrolytes follow non-Debye behavior as it shows a variety of relaxation times.
Highlights
Most researchers and engineers are rapidly changing their direction towards energy storage solutions, e.g., lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, due to growing awareness of the environmental impacts of fossil fuels and the resilience of energy grids worldwide
Ceramic solid electrolyte (CSE) has many significant advantages, including high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability together with electrochemical stability. These unique characteristics enable CSE to be helpful in machines that require highly durable materials [3,4]
CSE is a great Li-ion conductor compared to polymer and polymer/composite electrolytes, due to the presence of channels in which alkaline ions can migrate [6]
Summary
Most researchers and engineers are rapidly changing their direction towards energy storage solutions, e.g., lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, due to growing awareness of the environmental impacts of fossil fuels and the resilience of energy grids worldwide. Ceramic solid electrolyte (CSE) has many significant advantages, including high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability together with electrochemical stability. The performance of NASICON-type is strongly dependent on the materials and composition used in the framework This is because the parent compound, LiM2(PO4) can be altered to various possible structures where M can be tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), hafnium (Hf) or zirconium (Zr) [14]. Lithium oxide (Li2O) 99%, tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) 98%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) 98%, titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) 99.8% and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 99.99% These materials were procured from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). XpertHighScore Plus software version 5.1 (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) was used to conduct structural studies by refinement method.Any changes on the surface of the electrolyte were analyzed using JEOL 7600F FESEM (Jeol Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
