The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Managing Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in therapy. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as promising adjuncts in HFrEF management, with evidence from clinical trials suggesting improved outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFrEF. Methodology: A prospective, single-center observational study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from June 2023 to March 2024. Forty-eight patients with HFrEF were enrolled, and baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Patients received standard therapy alongside SGLT2 inhibitors. Follow-up assessments were performed over 10 months to evaluate changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), symptoms, functional capacity, and adverse events. Results: Following SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, a significant increase in LVEF (mean increase of 5.2 percentage points) was observed, accompanied by reductions in heart failure symptoms and improvements in functional capacity. Heart failure hospitalization rates decreased by 50%, with a favorable safety profile observed. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in managing HFrEF. The findings support their integration into clinical practice guidelines and emphasize the need for personalized, multidisciplinary approaches to optimize outcomes in HFrEF patients.