The role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy in preventing relapse of Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract

In the mental health profession, the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy in preventing relapse of Major Depressive Disorder play a key role; however, its role effectiveness is not known clearly. The objective of this review to assess the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and the role of cognitive behavioral therapy preventing relapse after an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD). This literature review was completed using electronic databases, an Ovid Medline and PsycINFO search. The current study analysis reviewed 250 abstracts and 25 full-text articles from the year 1987 to 2018. The search was conducted using keywords the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antidepressants, cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder, major depressive disorder, prevention, treatment of depression, and relapse. Authors reviewed selected 16 articles after excluding after excluding 9 articles in refinement procedure to find the good fit of selected articles with inclusive criteria. Nine research articles compared the relapse rate of selective SSRIs with SSRIs and placebos; two discussed the effectiveness of SSRIs plus psychotherapy, two compared SSRI versus tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), two were mainly composed of TCAs plus psychotherapy, and one compared SSRIs and serotonin- norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Among the studies included demonstrated lowered relapse risk in adults, when SSRIs combined with psychotherapy. The results comparing SSRIs, and SNRIs no differences observed. Basing reviewed facts study conclude TCAs are equally effective as SSRIs. Atypical antidepressants showed no efficacy differences with regard to remission rates compared with SSRIs. Review analysis indicated the Escitalopram as better efficacy than other SSRIs, seen with higher prophylactic efficacy and lower side effects; though the current data not showed significance. The current study concludes that continuing SSRIs treatment as maintenance for a year reduces the risk of MDD and relapse episodes. This study also clinches the combination of SSRIs and cognitive behavioural therapy may effectively reduce relapse. Additionally, evidenced Escitalopram has fewer side effects than did other SSRIs or SNRIs. Current review study concluded, regarding the effectiveness in reducing relapse of SSRIs is similar to that of TCAs, and atypical antidepressants.