Abstract
Adipose tissue is considered one of the endocrine organs in the body because of its ability to synthesize and release a large number of hormones, cytokines, and growth and vasoactive factors that influence a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as vascular tone, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, endothelial function, and vascular redox state. Moreover, genetic factors substantially contribute to the risk of obesity. Research into the biochemical effects of molecules secreted by visceral adipocytes as well as their molecular genetic characteristics is actively conducted around the world mostly in relation to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Adipokines could be developed into biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in different diseases. This review describes the relevance of secretory activity molecules of visceral adipocytes in cardiovascular disease associated abdominal obesity.
Highlights
At present, obesity is a relevant and important problem because of its rapidly increasing prevalence and severity of complications, which sometimes cause death at a young age [1,2].According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults over the age of 18 were overweight, and more than 650 million of them were obese
The present review focuses on describing the current state of research in the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with abdominal obesity, discussion of the role of molecules of secretory activity of visceral adipocytes in the development of CVD, and their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis
Rather frequently, there are descriptions of both isolated cases and of meta-analyses suggesting that low levels of Lipoportein Lipase (LPL) in serum are linked with early atherosclerosis, whereas a higher LPL activity has a protective effect against the development of IHD
Summary
Obesity is a relevant and important problem because of its rapidly increasing prevalence and severity of complications, which sometimes cause death at a young age [1,2]. Visceral fat constitutes up to 10–20% of all adipose tissue in males and up to 5–8% in females. In people of both sexes, there is an increase in the mass of visceral fat in the human body. Visceral adipose tissue contains a lot of large adipocytes. There have been a number of biochemical and clinical–biochemical studies on the molecules generated by the secretory activity of visceral adipocytes, mostly in relation to the pathologies of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. The present review focuses on describing the current state of research in the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with abdominal obesity, discussion of the role of molecules of secretory activity of visceral adipocytes in the development of CVD, and their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis
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