The role of Rydberg states in photoionization of NO2 and (NO+, O−) ion pair formation induced by one VUV photon

Abstract

We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of photoionization (PI) of the NO2 molecule into the NO2(+) (X (1)Σg(+)) ground state and the photodissociation of NO2 into the NO(+)((1)Σ(+)) + O(-)((2)P) ion pair. These processes were induced by 10.9 eV-13 eV synchrotron radiation and the products were detected using electron-ion or O(-)-NO(+) coincident momentum spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of [R(∗)(4b2)(-1), nlα(i), v2(')] Rydberg states vibrationally resolved in the v2(') bending modes for both processes. In particular, we emphasize two regions around 11.5 eV and 12.5 eV that were studied in more detail for their relevance to 400 nm multiphoton ionization induced by femtosecond pulses. The photoelectron energy spectra and asymmetry parameters support the existence of two PI mechanisms, as probed with the help of fixed-nuclei frozen-core Hartree-Fock calculations. We found significant deviations from Franck-Condon ionization predictions which may be assigned to vibronic coupling of NO2(∗) states such as that induced by a conical intersection. The limited agreement between theory and experiment, even for the non-resonant processes, indicates the need for calculations that go beyond the approximations used in the current study. Ion pair formation leads to strong vibrational and rotational excitation of the NO(+)((1)Σ(+),v) product, with an ion fragment angular anisotropy depending on both the v2(') bending quantum number of the excited parent molecule and the v vibrational level of the fragment.