Abstract
Incorrect reparation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) leading to chromosomal rearrangements is one of oncogenesis’s primary causes. Recently published data elucidate the key role of various types of RNA in DSB formation, recognition and repair. With growing interest in RNA biology, increasing RNAs are classified as crucial at the different stages of the main pathways of DSB repair in eukaryotic cells: nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR). Gene mutations or variation in expression levels of such RNAs can lead to local DNA repair defects, increasing the chromosome aberration frequency. Moreover, it was demonstrated that some RNAs could stimulate long-range chromosomal rearrangements. In this review, we discuss recent evidence demonstrating the role of various RNAs in DSB formation and repair. We also consider how RNA may mediate certain chromosomal rearrangements in a sequence-specific manner.
Highlights
Well-established and newly released data increasingly suggest that various DNA processes in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells are associated with certain types of RNA
The recognition and repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) are associated with the transcription apparatus, and in some cases, these processes recruit RNA synthesized from the sequence in which the break occurred [12]
We examine in detail the role of different types of RNA in the regulation of the mechanisms of DSB formation, recognition and reparation, deviation in which may lead to a consequent chromosomal rearrangement formation, and we discuss the significance of these RNAs for the process of oncogenesis
Summary
The damage can be done by ionizing and UV radiation, chemical carcinogens, viruses or mobile genetic elements The probability of such breaks is increased in the proximity of DNA:RNA hybrids, or so-called R-loops [10]. The recognition and repair of DSBs are associated with the transcription apparatus, and in some cases, these processes recruit RNA synthesized from the sequence in which the break occurred [12]. We examine in detail the role of different types of RNA in the regulation of the mechanisms of DSB formation, recognition and reparation, deviation in which may lead to a consequent chromosomal rearrangement formation, and we discuss the significance of these RNAs for the process of oncogenesis
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