Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a neuromodulational technique may mean a safe, alternative approach to the management of several mental disorders, especially treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Our aim is to describe the current role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in research and routine clinical practice, based on the literature and clinical protocols. Since the discovery, that an outer magnetic source can depolarize neurons, both neurology and psychiatry seek the method's possible clinical utility. To date, in the field of psychiatry, the method is only approved in the treatment of major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but research continues to find application in other mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), too. The next step in the evolution of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is based on magnetic resonance guided, real-time navigation with the help of positioning algorithms. The so-called neuronavigational systems make precise aiming of neuronal circuits responsible for the development of depression, thus increasing the excitability of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreasing it on the right hemisphere. The method has few contraindications, and the occurrence of side effects can be minimized by carefully selected patient population. For today, transcranial magnetic stimulation became an evidence-based, effective treatment for some mental disorders, especially treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. It is to be assumed that in the future neuronavigational neuromodulation techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, will be widely used in the field of psychiatry and neurology. Magnetic stimulation is currently available in a number of centres in Hungary, but the financial approval and the implementation of this neuromodulation method for treating mental disorders in the everyday clinical practice are still in progress. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(1): 3-10.
Highlights
The role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mental disorders, especially in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder
Our aim is to describe the current role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in research and routine clinical practice, based on the literature and clinical protocols
In the field of psychiatry, the method is only approved in the treatment of major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive
Summary
A repetitív transcranialis mágneses stimuláció szerepe a mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. A repetitív transcranialis mágneses stimulációs eljárás egy olyan neuromodulációs technika, melynek gyorsan fejlődő területe jelentheti az egyik biztonságos, alternatív megközelítési módot bizonyos mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. A transcranialis mágneses stimulációs kezelés mára bizonyítottan hatékony módszerré vált bizonyos mentális zavarok, elsősorban a terápiarezisztens major depresszív zavar kezelésében. Részben a fentiek elősegítése érdekében készítettük az alábbi szakmai összefoglalót, melyben a TMS működési elvének, hatásmechanizmusának rövid bemutatását követően a fő indikációs területeket, valamint a kontraindikációkat és mellékhatásokat vázoljuk fel, majd a kiegészítő terápiás lehetőségeket, valamint a TMS-kezelés gyakorlati szempontjait és jövőbeli alkalmazási területeit is ismertetjük
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