Abstract
Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) is an unintended side effect of orthodontic treatment, and severe ORR can affect treatment outcome. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) has been detected in the resorbed cementum and periodontal (PDL) tissues exposed to excessive orthodontic forces. Recent studies have demonstrated that PDL cells and cementoblasts express RANKL that may play a role in ORR during orthodontic tooth movement. It is known that the hardness of cementum in human maxillary premolars differs among individuals. Furthermore, this difference has been reported to be attributed to differences in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio. A correlation was observed between the Vickers hardness and Ca/P ratio of the cementum in the apical region. These findings suggest that cementum hardness and the Ca/P ratio may be indirectly involved in ORR caused by orthodontic forces. In this review, it aims to identify the role of RANKL and involvement of cementum in ORR.
Highlights
Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) was first described in 1914 by Ottolengui [1]
receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is expressed in the osteoblast cell lineage, and it exerts its effect by binding to the RANK receptor on osteoclasts
Numerous studies have investigated the cause and mechanism of ORR; in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that RANKL expression in periodontal (PDL) cells plays a significant role in the occurrence of ORR
Summary
Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) was first described in 1914 by Ottolengui [1] It is characterized by surface resorption with a loss of cementum that is irreversible when the dentin is involved [2]. RANKL is expressed in the osteoblast cell lineage, and it exerts its effect by binding to the RANK receptor on osteoclasts. Sci. 2021, 11, 7244 and the Ca/P ratio may be involved in the occurrence of ORR. In this paper, it aims to review the role of RANKL and the involvement of cementum in ORR. The Ca/P Sources ratio may involvedSearch in the occurrence of ORR Searches were undertaken withSearch no restrictions on year, publication status, or
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