Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to outline the different ways in which quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods can be used in the regulatory assessment of chemicals. The chapter draws on experience gained in the European Union in the assessment of industrial chemicals, as well as recently developed guidance for the use of QSARs within specific legislative frameworks such as REACH and the Water Framework Directive. This chapter reviews the concepts of QSAR validity, applicability, and acceptability and emphasises that the use of individual QSAR estimates is highly context-dependent, which has implications in terms of the confidence needed in the model validity. In addition to the potential use of QSAR models as stand-alone estimation methods, it is expected that QSARs will be used within the context of broader weight-of-evidence approaches, such as chemical categories and integrated testing strategies; therefore, the role of (Q)SARs within these approaches is explained. This chapter also refers to a range of freely available software tools being developed to facilitate the use of QSARs for regulatory purposes. Finally, some conclusions are drawn concerning current needs for the further development and uptake of QSARs
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