Abstract
ITHIN the last 20 years, a significant body ofliterature has advanced our understanding ofthe pathophysiologic mechanisms that result from trau-matic brain injury (TBI). Most importantly, we now rec-ognize that brain injuries cause both central and sys-temic effects. For example, a number of studies havedemonstrated increased release of proinflammatory cy-tokines and augmented oxidative stress reactions in pe-ripheral tissues after isolated head injury.
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