Abstract
Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms of their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits and controlled versus automatic processing, and related to the functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and related regions and networks. A psychometric approach shows unity and diversity in CC constructs, with 3 components in the most commonly studied constructs: general or common CC and components specific to mental set shifting and working memory updating. These constructs are considered against the cellular and systems neurobiology of PFC and what is known of its functional neuroanatomical or network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, and neuroimaging approaches across species. CC is also considered in the context of motivation, as “cool” and “hot” forms. Its Common CC component is shown to be distinct from general intelligence (g) and closely related to response inhibition. Impairments in CC are considered as possible causes of psychiatric symptoms and consequences of disorders. The relationships of CC with the general factor of psychopathology (p) and dimensional constructs such as impulsivity in large scale developmental and adult populations are considered, as well as implications for genetic studies and RDoC approaches to psychiatric classification.
Highlights
Many psychiatric disorders and neurological conditions are associated with deficits in cognitive control (CC) and/or dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its associated circuitry [1,2,3,4]
Deriving from a cybernetic and cognitive neuroscience perspective, CC has often been considered synonymous with the earlier notion of executive function (EF), which has its roots in studies of clinical neuropsychology
CC has to occur in the context and history of different PFC, including regions BA-9 and BA-46 and BA-32, as well as both superior and inferior regions of the parietal learning, mediated in part by phasic and tonic changes in the lobes for tasks with predominantly working memory, flexibility, or ascending monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter inhibitory components
Summary
Many psychiatric disorders and neurological conditions are associated with deficits in cognitive control (CC) and/or dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its associated circuitry [1,2,3,4]. This type of patients with OCD and healthy controls showed that the ability to double dissociation further supports the hypothesis that perform the extra-dimensional shift task was related to functional distinct processes of CC in lateral PFC are mediated by connectivity between the ventrolateral PFC and the caudate different regions and is relevant to hierarchical theories of CC, nucleus, whereas performance of a visuospatial planning task considered below.
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