Abstract
There is a gradual but clear transition towards a circular economy (CE) that will potentially have significant impacts on ports, both in their function as transport nodes and as locations for logistics and manufacturing activities. A rough appraisal of new investments in circular manufacturing activities in ports in Europe drawn from organizational reports and official webpages illustrates the (slow) development of circular activities in ports. This paper is to our knowledge the first paper which deals with the implications of CE for the business model of the port development company. We assess if and how the circularity transition affects the role and business model of port authorities as developers of port clusters. We outline a framework for analyzing the consequences of CE on the business model of the port authority. We then apply this framework to get a detailed understanding of the emerging CE ecosystem in the Port of Amsterdam, which is clearly a frontrunner in the transition, and the role of the government-owned Port of Amsterdam port development company (PoA) in developing this ecosystem. In Amsterdam, a CE ‘business ecosystem’ has emerged and continues to evolve with three types of synergies between the companies in this ecosystem: logistics infrastructure and services synergies, input–output synergies and industrial ecology synergies. We find that the spatial scale of the CE value chains in the port varies between segments and that they are generally less international than ‘linear’ value chains. The development of CE activities occupies a central place in PoA’s strategy, and PoA assumes new and active roles in advancing the circular business ecosystem, most notably through developing industrial ecology synergies and nurturing and attracting new, innovative CE companies. Finally, the circularity transition leads to changes in PoA’s business model, with an increasing focus on new services that create synergies, and a decreasing importance of the share of port dues in the total revenue mix.
Highlights
There is a clear transition towards a circular economy (CE), a gradual and incremental process of structural societal change where materials and components are increasingly reused or recycled at the end of their lifecycle (EOL)
This transition, which may, on the one hand, be understood as a subcategory of a more general sustainability transition [1] and on the other be seen as a development that pushes the frontier of sustainability [2], has important consequences for supply chains, ranging from the way products are designed to the business models of companies [3]
The particular phenomenon that we investigate is the role of port development company (PDC) in port ecosystem transition, as exemplified by the transition to CE, and the formal unit chosen for intensive investigation is the Port of Amsterdam (PoA)
Summary
There is a clear transition towards a circular economy (CE), a gradual and incremental process of structural societal change where materials and components are increasingly reused or recycled at the end of their lifecycle (EOL). This transition, which may, on the one hand, be understood as a subcategory of a more general sustainability transition [1] and on the other be seen as a development that pushes the frontier of sustainability [2], has important consequences for supply chains, ranging from the way products are designed to the business models of companies [3].
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