Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease associated with a variety of bacteria, which can cause damage to the periodontal support structure and affect a variety of systemic system diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and Alzheimer’s disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the most important pathogenic bacteria for periodontal disease. It can produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and release them into the environment, playing an important role in its pathogenesis. This article focuses on P. gingivalis OMVs, reviews its production and regulation, virulence components, mode of action and related diseases, with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to P. gingivalis infections.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease associated with a complex of bacterial species leading to the destruction of periodontal structures, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum (Patini et al, 2018)
It is found that all C-terminal domain (CTD) proteins and other virulence factors are abundantly enriched in the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), while proteins that exhibit OmpA peptidoglycan binding motif and TonB-dependent receptors are preferentially retained on the outer membrane of P. gingivalis (Veith et al, 2014)
(3) P. gingivalis OMVs can exert virulence by affecting different receptors on the host cell surface, such as activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) receptors and degrading TfR receptors. (4–6) P. gingivalis OMVs can activate or degrade a variety of biologically active substances in host cells, inhibit cell proliferation, promote glycolysis, apoptosis, and cause host cells to produce a variety of inflammatory factors thereby promoting the formation of an inflammatory environment
Summary
Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease associated with a complex of bacterial species leading to the destruction of periodontal structures, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum (Patini et al, 2018). The initial stage of periodontal disease is gingivitis, which gradually develops into periodontitis as the disease progresses. It can cause gingiva bleeding, tooth mobility and even tooth loss. It is very important to study the virulence mechanism of periodontal pathogens for the treatment of periodontal disease and related systemic diseases
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