Abstract
BackgroundStreptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and zoonotic agent. Infection with this highly pathogenic strain can cause streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS), characterized by a Th-1 inflammatory cytokine storm, and a high mortality rate. Monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are known to stimulate Th-1 cell differentiation, but the role of MoDCs in STSLS remains to be elucidated.Methodology and FindingsPorcine CD14-positive monocytes, purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), were used to generate MoDCs using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Highly pure MoDCs were generated, as proved by their morphology, phenotype analysis, phagocytic ability, and induction of T cells proliferation. The MoDCs were further stimulated by the virulent S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) SC19 strain which triggered a strong release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12. Furthermore, the stimulated MoDCs induced CD4+ T cell differentiation towards Th-1 cells in vitro.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that the porcine MoDCs stimulated by SS2 could release high levels of Th-1 inflammatory cytokines and induce CD4+ T cell differentiation towards Th-1 cells. Hence, it is likely that porcine MoDCs play an important role in the STSLS caused by SS2.
Highlights
Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is a major swine pathogen, causing considerable economic losses and animal health care problems in the pig farming industry worldwide [1]
The results of this study indicated that the porcine Monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) stimulated by SS2 could release high levels of Th-1 inflammatory cytokines and induce CD4+ T cell differentiation towards Th-1 cells
It is likely that porcine MoDCs play an important role in the streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) caused by SS2
Summary
Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is a major swine pathogen, causing considerable economic losses and animal health care problems in the pig farming industry worldwide [1]. Out of the 33 serotypes of S. suis, serotype 2 (SS2) is the most common and most virulent serotype It is associated with diseases in humans and pigs in most of the countries [5, 6]. In 2005, a large outbreak of human SS2 infection occurred in Sichuan, China, resulting in 215 infections and 38 deaths [7] During this outbreak, some people presented with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) and more than 80% of the patients died in spite of treatment with antibiotics [8,9]. Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and zoonotic agent. Infection with this highly pathogenic strain can cause streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS), characterized by a Th-1 inflammatory cytokine storm, and a high mortality rate. Monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are known to stimulate Th-1 cell differentiation, but the role of MoDCs in STSLS remains to be elucidated
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