The role of polyamines in the regenerative process of skin aerobic-purulent wounds

Abstract

Aliphatic polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are organic polycations that play an important role in wound healing by stimulating several cellular mechanisms. In a human skin wound sample, the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, which regulates the rate of polyamine synthesis, rapidly increases along the wound edges and leads to the activation of the polyamine synthesis cascade. Under the influence of polyamines, some signaling systems are also activated in wounds, which are the main pathways for the release of cellular mechanisms, and thanks to them, the healing process begins in wounds. For example, spermine induces the synthesis of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, the binding of which to the corresponding receptor at the wound margins executes the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor signaling system, which is the main driver of keratinocyte migration. Eukaryotic cell proliferation depends on precise modification of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A1, in which spermidine plays an indispensable role. However, in addition to the significant functions performed by polyamines in the human body, polyamines are also necessary for the normal growth and development of fungi and bacteria. Small amounts of some microorganisms have a positive effect on the healing of wounds, but their increase, on the contrary, leads to the impairment of the normal course of wound healing due to their enhanced synthesis of polyamines. On the other hand, many studies show that excess ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines increase the risk of skin cancer. Suppression of polyamine synthesis by pathogenic microflora during wound healing can contribute to both rapid healing and the prevention of skin cancer. In our study, we offer a way of inhibition of polyamine synthesis by wound microflora for rapid wound healing and prevention of subsequent cancer. The medicinal mixture “Armenicum/Eflornithine” is a mixture of the drug “Armenicum” and α-difluoromethylornithine.