The role of phytates in human nutrition

Abstract

Claims that consumption of phytate-rich grains, by definition, worsens mineral status needs to be clarified as new evidence emerges about the role of phytic acids (FA) from whole grains in improving population health outcomes. In this regard, it seems appropriate to draw the attention of practitioners to the need to correct patient's diet in order to prevent non-communicable diseases. The aim of this review was to generalize and analyze the modern data on the role of phytates in human nutrition. Material and methods. A search for domestic and foreign literature in the bibliographic databases of articles on medical sciences was carried out using the PubMed, MEDLINE and eLibrary search engines. Results. Deficit of minerals and trace elements in the diet, especially deficiency of iron, calcium, selenium, zinc, iodine, is an urgent public health problem in many countries. Calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and iron deficiencies are associated with impaired immune function and an increased risk of both acute and chronic diseases. Vegan and vegetarian behavior styles with the restriction and exclusion of animal sources of bioavailable minerals and trace elements are gaining more and more popularity in our country. FA is the main storage form of phosphorus in nuts, grains, legumes, and seeds, which satisfies the biosynthesis needs of growing tissues during germination. FA is known as a dietary inhibitor that chelates minerals and trace elements, limiting their bioavailability and reducing their absorption. Pre-treatment methods to reduce phytate levels and increase the nutritional value of diets are fermentation, soaking, and sprouting. Reducing phytate content in plant foods by processing leads to a measurable improvement in mineral status, however, the chelating and antioxidant properties of phytates may be beneficial and their potential in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and kidney stone formation is currently being studied. Conclusion. Essential components of a healthy diet are whole whole grains, legumes, vegetables, seeds and nuts, despite the fact that most of them are relatively high in FA. Despite some antinutrient properties, FAs have preventive effects on public health.