Abstract
Hip and knee replacement is an effective treatment for symptomatic, end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis, aiming to relieve pain and restore joint function. Several postoperative rehabilitation protocols and physical activities are proposed in routine clinical practice. However, their effect on clinical outcome and implant revision in patients undergoing joint replacement is still unclear. A systematic review of the literature was performed through a comprehensive search on online databases including Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane central, and Google scholar. We included all the available studies on postoperative physical activity and rehabilitation protocols after total knee and total hip arthroplasty in patients older than 65 years. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the effect of physical activity and rehabilitation on clinical outcome; the secondary outcome was to determine the effect on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and implant survival. Although the heterogeneity of the rehabilitation protocols and outcome measures did not allow to draw definitive conclusions, most studies suggested that aquatic therapy, ergometer cycling, and fast-track protocols have a beneficial effect on muscle strength, gait speed, and main clinical scores after total hip arthroplasty. Similarly, enhanced rehabilitation protocols produced an improvement in primary and secondary outcomes after total knee arthroplasty.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability in elderly patients
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are usually followed by an intense rehabilitation program focused on muscle strengthening, stretching, range of motion (ROM) recovery, gait rehabilitation, neuromuscular function, and proprioception recovery
The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the current evidence on the role of physical activity and rehabilitation in patients’ clinical outcome after hip and knee arthroplasty
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability in elderly patients. The prevalence of hip and knee OA has been growing over the last decades, being around 25% in the population between 65 and 85 years of age [1]. OA has a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL), activities of daily living, and general health status. Due to the large number of patients suffering from this condition and the considerable cost of care, OA represents a significant economic burden for healthcare systems [2]. Joint replacement is the only definitive treatment for symptomatic end-stage hip and knee OA, aiming to relieve the pain and restore joint function. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are usually followed by an intense rehabilitation program focused on muscle strengthening, stretching, range of motion (ROM) recovery, gait rehabilitation, neuromuscular function, and proprioception recovery
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