Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship among personality (according to Cloninger’s psychobiological model), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, trait resilience and quality of life (QoL) in people who were exposed to the Kiss nightclub fire.Methods188 participants were assessed with the Posttraumatic Checklist–civilian version (PCL-C), the Resilience Scale (RS), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Bref (WHOQOL-Bref), and the WHOQOL-100 Spirituality, religiousness, and personal beliefs (WHOQOL-100-SRPB). Data were analyzed in a dimensional approach, with correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with PCL-C, RS, and WHOQOL-Bref dimensions as dependent variables.ResultsMultiple linear regression showed that PTSD symptoms were predicted by harm avoidance (β = .34, p < .001), self-directedness (β = -.28, p < .01), and self-transcendence (β = .24, p < .01). Trait resilience was predicted by harm avoidance (β = -.38, p < .01), self-directedness (β = .20, p < .05), and self-transcendence (β = .18, p < .05). Also, PTSD symptoms had considerable negative effect on all dimensions of QoL. Self-transcendence was a positive predictor of subjective and spiritual QoL. SEM showed that QoL was predicted by PTSD symptoms (β = -.52, p < .001), trait resilience (β = .30, p < .001), cooperativeness (β = .135, p = 0.40), and self-directedness (β = .27, p < .01). The effect of self-directedness on QoL was mediated by PTSD symptoms and trait resilience. PTSD symptoms also mediated the relationship between trait resilience and QoL, and RS mediated the relationship of personality and PTSD symptoms.ConclusionThe study gives insights on prediction of PTSD severity, trait resilience and QoL from temperament and character traits, in a sample of people exposed to the Kiss nightclub fire. Harm avoidance was the most influent trait on PTSD symptoms and trait resilience. Self-directedness was the most import trait related to QoL, still that it was more related to PTSD severity than personality traits. Self-transcendence had positive effects on both PTSD symptoms and trait resilience, indicating a coping style that may coexist with psychopathology.
Highlights
On January 27, 2013, a deadly fire deeply wounded the city of Santa Maria, located in the south of Brazil
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediated the relationship between trait resilience and quality of life (QoL), and Resilience Scale (RS) mediated the relationship of personality and PTSD symptoms
The study gives insights on prediction of PTSD severity, trait resilience and QoL from temperament and character traits, in a sample of people exposed to the Kiss nightclub fire
Summary
On January 27, 2013, a deadly fire deeply wounded the city of Santa Maria, located in the south of Brazil. One to two years after disasters like this, about 25–75% of survivors and 5–40% of first responders may be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder that can be chronic and disabling [4,5]. The quality of life (QoL) of such individuals is inversely related to the severity of their PTSD symptoms—that is, the more symptomatic, the lower the QoL [6,7,8,9]. A substantial proportion of people exposed to trauma do not develop mental disorders. Such individuals may be considered resilient, adapting relatively well under severe stress
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