Abstract
Oxidative stress, a result of a disturbance in redox homeostasis, is considered to be one of the main aggravating events in the pathogenesis of immune disorders. Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) are an enzyme family that catalyzes the reduction of peroxides, including hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides, and nitrogen peroxides. Although the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis through Prdxs is essential for surviving in adverse environments, Prdxs also participate in the regulation of cellular signal transduction by modulating the activities of a panel of molecules involved in the signal transduction process. Although Prdxs were discovered as intracellular anti-oxidative enzymes, recent research has revealed that Prdxs also play important roles in the extracellular milieu. Indeed, Prdxs have been shown to have the capacity to activate immune cells through ligation with innate immune receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this review, we will summarize the intracellular as well as extracellular roles of Prdxs for and against the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders including sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, and drug-induced liver injury.
Highlights
Sepsis is a multi-organ disease, observed mainly in ICU patients, which is associated with high mortality rates that reach ~25% for cases of sepsis and ~45% for cases of septic shock [1,2]
Host recognition of molecular patterns of invading microorganisms, as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from endogenous cells, leads to innate and adaptive immune responses that must abate for the recovery of healthy status, but that persist for sustained periods during sepsis (Figure 1)
Prdxs are involved in both propagation and regression of inflammation during sepsis
Summary
Sepsis is a multi-organ disease, observed mainly in ICU patients, which is associated with high mortality rates that reach ~25% for cases of sepsis and ~45% for cases of septic shock [1,2]. Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicinein 1991, as the presence of both infection and subsequent systemic inflammatory response syndromes (SIRSs), the latter defined by the presence of symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea, leukopaenia, or others [6]. These symptoms are observed in both septic and non-septic critically ill patients. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 126 response to infection associated with life-threating organ failure (Sepsis-3 criteria) [7,8,9,10].
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.