Abstract
Nutrients are converted by the body to smaller molecules, which are utilized for both anabolic and catabolic metabolic reactions. Cooperative regulation of these processes is critical for life-sustaining activities. In this review, we focus on how the regulation of nutrient-driven metabolism maintains healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). For this purpose, we have examined the metabolic regulation of HSCs from two perspectives: (1) the control of intracellular metabolism by the balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions; and (2) the control of organismal metabolic status and hematopoiesis by dietary intake of nutrients. Critical roles of catabolic regulators in stem cell homeostasis are conserved in several types of tissues, including hematopoiesis. These catabolic signals are also major regulators of organismal lifespan in multiple species. In parallel, changes to nutrients via alterations to dietary intake affect not only an organism’s metabolic state but also the behavior of its stem cells. While the molecular mechanisms involved in these two aspects of nutrient function may not necessarily overlap, a deeper understanding of these phenomena will point to new avenues of medical research and may furnish new agents for improving human health care.
Highlights
Nutrients are substances in food that are essential for biological activity in organisms and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals
We focus on the above two aspects of nutrient-driven metabolic regon both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the cells that surround them in the bone marrow (BM) niche
Induction of Atg5 deletion at P5 did not result in remarkable abnormality in hematopoiesis. These data suggest a critical role for autophagy in protecting HSCs against insults during the early neonatal stage, which is essential for healthy long-term hematopoiesis
Summary
Nutrients are substances in food that are essential for biological activity in organisms and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The essential roles of catabolic animals at steady-state [2] These catabolic signals are major regulators of organisregulators in HSC homeostasis are conserved in other types of tissue stem cells that remain mal lifespan in multiple species [3]. The anabolic/catabolic balance has a major influence on stem cell homeostasis Another important issue in the relationship between nutrients and healthy HSCs is an organism’s dietary interventions as dietary restriction (DR), Another important issueintake. There is evidence showing that DR (such as prolonged feeding of a ketogenic or high-fat diet (HFD), markedly affect an organism’s metabolic fasting) contributes positively to HSC functions, whereas the prolonged consumption of state and the behavior of its stem cells [4]. Molecular mechanisms involved inhealthy these HSC sets ofaffect phenomena may point toWhile waysthe to improve human health by ensuring homeostasis for life
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