Abstract
Background: The aim of this review is to identify the roles and activities of nurses working with people with diabetes and to examine the facilitators and barriers in caring for such people. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. From 531 abstracts reviewed, 29 studies were included (18 studies comprised questionnaire surveys, one was an intervention study, two used both questionnaires and interviews, and eight of them used interviews). Barriers and facilitators were extracted and combined using qualitative synthesis. Results: The literature review revealed three major roles and a number of barriers. A model for achieving enhanced nursing care of patients with diabetes has been developed according to the findings of this literature. Specifically, a stepladder suggesting that through better nursing training and education and by providing adequate resources, time, and synergies to diabetes specialists, nurses will be able to correctly perform their diabetes care roles, which include patient education, advanced care, and psychological support. Conclusions: Taking into serious consideration that a large number of hospital users are people with diabetes and that there is an inconsistency among countries about the work settings of Diabetes Specialist Nurses (DSNs), it is important to give greater focus to inpatient care and perhaps to enhance nurses’ roles by eliminating any barriers that prevent them from providing adequate quality care. Furthermore, integrated care involving the role of DSNs within the inpatient care would have been more beneficial for patients.
Highlights
Diabetes has become an increasingly serious health issue on a global scale with the number of people living with diabetes rising significantly over the last 35 years
This study focuses on both diabetes type 1 and type 2 since our aim is to identify what is the situation in general about diabetes care and whether there is a gap between these two types
This review identified important identified importantnumber gap, which is the insufficient number of studies regarding the nurses gap, which is the one insufficient of studies regarding the role of hospital-based role of hospital-based nurses in inpatient diabetes care and their perceptions about barriers to in inpatient diabetes care and their perceptions about barriers to effective diabetes management
Summary
Diabetes has become an increasingly serious health issue on a global scale with the number of people living with diabetes rising significantly over the last 35 years. Diabetes Federation, in 2017, approximately 425 million adults (20–79 years) were living with diabetes, and by 2045 this will rise to 629 million [1]. The report shows that over the past decade the prevalence of diabetes has risen faster in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Adults who are diagnosed with diabetes have a 3.5 times higher risk of being hospitalized than are those without a history of diabetes, while those with prediabetes are 1.3 times more likely to be hospitalized [2]. The aim of this review is to identify the roles and activities of nurses working with people with diabetes and to examine the facilitators and barriers in caring for such people
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