Abstract
The discovery that the vascular endothelium can generate a free radical, nitric oxide (NO), that alters the function of vascular smooth muscle, revolutionized vascular biology. Endothelial damage and the loss of NO function is at the root of peripheral vascular disease. NO is also an important signalling molecule in many other biological systems, but this contribution will focus specifically on the vascular functions of NO, and how these functions are altered by vascular disease. This article will also attempt to explain why surgery often cannot correct endothelial damage, and why new directions are being explored.
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