Abstract
The neurovascular ultrasound methods are cheap and noninvasive methods that are performed at the bedside of critically ill patients. Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), transcranial color Doppler sonography (TCCD) and ultrasound examination of the neck vessels can provide valuable information for timely treatment decisions. In patients with acute stroke, TCD can detect intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease and presence of collateral flow. The recanalization rate after reperfusion treatment can be monitored with serial TCD recordings in acute ischemic stroke. TCD bubble test can detect the presence of heart right to left shunt, and with detection of microembolic signals the risk of cerebral embolization can be assessed. With TCD, it is possible to determine the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure in patients with severe stroke, closed head trauma or encephalopathy of various etiologies. TCCD may be useful in assessing the movement of mediosagital brain structures. Serial TCD is routinely used for monitoring vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Inevitably, TCD has its role in confirming brain death and its findings are not affected by sedation, hypothermia or metabolic disorders. Besides assessing changes in vessel wall or lumen, extracranial ultrasound is, also, a valuable method in guiding the placement of central venous catheters.
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