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Abstract
Since the increased prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse in last few decades is usually accompanied by various exercise protocols, the scope of our study was to evaluate the effects of chronic nandrolone decanoate administration in supraphysiological dose and a prolonged swimming protocol (alone and simultaneously with nandrolone decanoate) on depressive state in male rats. Simultaneously, we investigated the possible alterations in neuropeptide Y (NPY) content in blood and the hippocampus, in order to determine the role of NPY in the modulation of depressive-like behavior.Exercise induced antidepressant effects in tail suspension test (decrease of the total duration of immobility), as well as significant increase in the number of hippocampal NPY-interneurons in CA1 region. Chronic nandrolone decanoate treatment attenuated the beneficial antidepressant effects of exercise as measured by the tail suspension test parameters. Simultaneously, nandrolone decanoate treatment resulted in diminution of NPY content both in blood (decreased serum levels) and in hippocampus (the significant decrease in NPY expression in all three investigated hippocampal regions—CA1, CA2/3 and DG). Our findings indicate that alterations in serum and hippocampal NPY contents may underlie the changes in depressive state in rats. The exercise was beneficial as it exerted antidepressant effect, while chronic nandrolone decanoate treatment resulted in depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, the behavioral indicators of depression showed strong correlations with the serum levels and the hippocampal content of NPY.
Highlights
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), synthetic derivatives of testosterone, have been used for therapeutical purposes since the middle of the twentieth century
Two other parameters obtained in TST, the total duration of immobility and the average duration of an immobility episode, showed statistical significance among groups (F = 20.403 and 4.391, respectively, df = 3, p
Chronic ND administration at supraphysiological dose resulted in a significant increase in total duration of immobility when compared to the combined group (Fig 1C)
Summary
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), synthetic derivatives of testosterone, have been used for therapeutical purposes since the middle of the twentieth century. Parallel with the therapeutic use of AASs, top athletes began to abuse these substances as powerful doping agents. There is a growing number of evidence that AASs abuse has been widely spread even. Correlation between prodepressant effect of ND and NPY depletion
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