Abstract
Somatic mutation-derived neoantigens, expressed only on tumor cells, may elicit antitumor T-cell responses in cancer immunotherapies with minimal immune tolerance. Neoantigens can be identified by multiple bioinformatics technologies, mainly based on whole-exome sequencing. Personalized cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies are two primary treatment modalities targeting neoantigens, and both of them have shown promising therapeutic effects. This review, summarizes the history of neoantigen-related tumor control, introduces recent neoantigen screening and identification methods, and discusses the role of neoantigen in cancer immunotherapies. Moreover, we propose the challenges of targeting neoantigens for cancer treatment.
Highlights
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of cancer treatment
Two primary neoantigen-based therapeutic modalities have been explored in clinical practices: personalized vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) [6]
In 1996, mutated neoantigens recognized by tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were found in human melanoma [11] and renal cell carcinoma [12], respectively
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology. Somatic mutation-derived neoantigens, expressed only on tumor cells, may elicit antitumor T-cell responses in cancer immunotherapies with minimal immune tolerance. Neoantigens can be identified by multiple bioinformatics technologies, mainly based on whole-exome sequencing. Personalized cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies are two primary treatment modalities targeting neoantigens, and both of them have shown promising therapeutic effects. This review, summarizes the history of neoantigen-related tumor control, introduces recent neoantigen screening and identification methods, and discusses the role of neoantigen in cancer immunotherapies. We propose the challenges of targeting neoantigens for cancer treatment
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