Abstract
With the growing market of electric vehicle (EV) in recent years, breakthroughs on components of the vehicle, especially the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recharging system, have been made by the introduction development of nanotechnology of the cathode and anode of the battery to have high energy and power density, low cost, stableness, and improved capacity reservation performance. The current developments of the popular various cathode materials, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and high Ni-rich materials, and anode materials, nanostructured-Si, SnO2, and lithium titanium oxide, are discussed and reviewed with both advantages, and challenges, and potential improvement list. Progress in improving the characteristics of lithium-ion battery LIBs has been made due to nanotechnology's microstructure modification. Further experiments development for on the material of LIBs of lithium-ion battery by modifying nanostructure need to be conducted and studied for EV recharging system to achieve the expected characteristics.
Highlights
Lithium-ion battery (LIB), as an advanced battery, has been widely discussed in recent years due to its comparably high energy density and power density, lightweight, long lifetime, fast-charging, high endurance, and cleanliness. It dominates the rechargeable systems in portable electronics, but lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been introduced to electric vehicles and industries to act as a new source of energy to replace fossil fuels, which have a growing demand in recent decays
Further study of Lithium titanium oxide (LTO) modified by Ag-Cu particles was conducted by Krajewski and co-workers, which LTO as anode material showed 19 mAh g-1 at 10 C current rate with a 12.5% increase in specific capacity retention characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [28]
We expect that the rational design of nanomaterials will play a critical role in the development of high-energy-density Li-ion batteries, even the longrange electric vehicle (EV)
Summary
Lithium-ion battery (LIB), as an advanced battery, has been widely discussed in recent years due to its comparably high energy density and power density, lightweight, long lifetime, fast-charging, high endurance, and cleanliness. Nanotechnology was applied into lithium-ion batteries, especially for anode, cathode, and even electrolytes, to improve the energy density and cycle performance. Low conductivity and large volume expansion create great damage to TMOs as anode materials, which causes structural defects, decreasing the lifespan of the battery. On the other hand, nanocoating prevents the chemical reaction between the electrode and electrolyte, improving the safety and chemical performance of the batteries In this Review, we discuss recent advances in high energy Li-based battery materials for electric vehicle (EV) applications by nanotechnology. We target materials that are either already commercialized or under development, which we believe in have the greatest potential to meet the highenergy requirement for EV applications
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