The Role of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

Muneeza Munir,Shabir Hussain,Jigar Ali,Rubi Anwar,Muhammad Waqas

doi:10.32350/sir/2020/43/981

Abstract

Nanotechnology is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It has shown a good role in regenerating, restoring and repairing damaged body parts, such as the heart, lungs and blood vessels. Nanoparticles (NPs) are helpful in osteoblasts formation and also used in the treatment of bone inflammation, skin infections, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. They also assist the anti-inflammatory drugs in penetrating the skin. Platinum nanoparticles (NP) are used in bone allograft and dentistry while silver NPs possess an excellent potential against viruses, fungi and bacteria. For diagnostic purposes, nanoparticles are mostly used in the form of nanorobots, microchips and biosensors. Quantum dots give information about the tumor; the gold nano-particles are ideal to detect the antibodies of hepatitis and also for RNA and DNA delivery. Nanomaterials play an important role in the management of plant diseases and the activation of their defense mechanisms. The NPs of copper and silver are directly toxic to microorganisms while those of zinc, silicon, manganese, copper and boron have a function in host defense as a fertilizer and alter the nutritional status of the crop. Enzyme-based biosensors coated with Ti, Cu, Ag or Au-NPs greatly enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic probes for the detection of plant infections. The nano-Zn products have been effectively used to control viral, fungal, phytoplasma or bacterial diseases in crop plants. Nanoparticles are also used in packing edible food films.

Highlights

Nanoparticles (NPs) include a huge class of materials having small discrete masses, ranging in size from 1-100 nm [1] and having a large number of applications in various fields [2,3,4,5]
A dual-function nanoparticle drug delivery system based on PEGylated poly(lactide) (PLA) has been prepared, which may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [32]
The NPs of copper and silver are directly toxic to microorganisms while those of zinc, silicon, manganese, copper and boron have a function in host defense as a fertilizer and alter the nutritional status of the crop [36]

Summary

Introduction

Nanoparticles (NPs) include a huge class of materials having small discrete masses, ranging in size from 1-100 nm [1] and having a large number of applications in various fields [2,3,4,5]. They may exist in zero, two or three-dimensional forms. Gold nanorods (a), silica-gold core-shell nanoparticles (b) and gold nanocages (c) are commonly applied in biomedical applications Their intense color depends upon the collective excitation of their conduction electrons, or surface plasmon resonance modes [6, 8, 9]. The current study was performed to evaluate the role of nanoparticles in the diagnosis of a disease and its treatment

Role of Nanoparticles in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Conclusion