The Role of Nanoparticle Based Coating in Optimizing TIG Welding Parameters for EN31 Steel

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of process parameters in TIG welding of EN31 steel alloys, incorporating nano-enhanced materials to improve performance in sustainable manufacturing and energy-efficient applications. The three key input variables considered are welding current (CT), welding speed (WD), and gas flow rate (GF), while tensile strength (TS) and hardness (HS) are taken as output responses. The experiment was designed using the Central Composite Design (CCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) framework, with 20 experiments conducted. Nanoparticle (TiO2 & B4C) were coated with EN31 steel to enhance chemical reactions, improve weld quality, and promote energy efficiency. Results indicate that the optimal conditions for tensile strength (TS) were achieved at 120 Amps CT, 70 mm/min WD, and 11 lpm GF. For hardness (HS), the optimal conditions were 100 Amps CT, 70 mm/min WD, and 11 lpm GF. Analysis of variance revealed that the welding current (CT) significantly impacts both TS and HS, while the integration of nano materials further improved these mechanical properties by enhancing microstructural refinement and energy efficiency. The experimental data closely aligned with the normal probability plot, confirming the reliability of the results. This study highlights the potential of nano-enhanced TIG welding as a sustainable solution for improving the mechanical properties of steel alloys while promoting energy-efficient manufacturing practices