The role of mylonites in the uplift of an oblique lower crustal section, East Antarctica

Abstract

Abstract Three generations of mylonites discovered in the northern Prince Charles Mountains (nPCM) are associated with episodes of crustal thickening and thinning. First‐generation mylonites (MY1) are shallow thrusts which pre‐date both folding and peak metamorphic conditions, and formed during early crustal thickening. Second‐generation mylonites (MY2) are significant subvertical normal faults that formed at conditions of c. 5 kbar and 700° C, and throughout the nPCM consistently display NW‐block uplift. It is argued that MY2 uplift was rapid in the north‐west, produced exhumation of approximately 6–7 km, and caused re‐equilibration of most nPCM assemblages at lower pressures. It is suggested that features of this terrane may be reconciled with a tectonic model involving simultaneous crustal thickening and lithospheric thinning; MY2 uplift may reflect isostatically induced uplift. In contrast, the adjacent east Lambert Glacier Region (eLGR) was unaffected by MY2 uplift and remained at lower crustal levels. P‐T trajectories across this oblique terrane thus reflect a gradual transition in uplift rates: nPCM paths preserve mostly cooling after partial MY2 exhumation, while those in the eLGR are dominated by slower uplift which facilitated the retrograde growth of coronas and symplectites at amphibolite facies conditions. Amphibolite facies third‐generation mylonites, MY3, post‐date the preserved P‐T segments and are low‐angle normal faults which indicate consistent easterly transport across the entire terrane. It is proposed that they are related to tectonic collapse.