Abstract
The myelogram is an essential investigation for the diagnosis and management of malignant hemopathies. The final interpretation requires the integration of peripheral blood count and smear, with the results of supplementary tests such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis and molecular genetic studies as appropriate, in the context of clinical and other diagnostic findings. This retrospective study conducted at the Hematology Laboratory of the Military hospital Avicenna in Marrakech over a period of two years, from January 2018 to December 2019, aimed to evaluate the practice and the contribution of the myelogram in diagnosis in patients in the Hematology Laboratory and to report the epidemiological profile of malignant hemopathies diagnosed in our Laboratory. In our study, out of 420 myelograms received in the Hematology Laboratory of the military hospital in Marrakech, 70 cases (17%) of malignant hemopathies were collected. The predominant age range was 61 to 70 years old. The male gender was predominant (64%) with a sex-ratio at 1,8. The clinical indications of myelogram were dominated by anemic syndrome, tumoral syndrome. Biologically, the Peripheral Blood count and smear abnormalities were the most frequent. Acute leukemias were accounted for 35% of all malignant pathologies diagnosed in our laboratory of which 79% myeloid, 21% lymphoid. Multiple myelomas were found in 33%, myelodysplastic syndromes in 17% and Chronic myeloid leukemia in 9%. The role of the myelogram in diagnostic of malignant hemopathies is based on its good interpretation which is directly linked to the rigor of its realization.
Highlights
The myelogram is mainly performed for cytomorphological examination of bone marrow cells, and to proceed to other analyses such as immunophenotypic, flow cytometry, cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and microbiological tests
Out of 420 myelograms received in the Hematology Laboratory of the military hospital in Marrakech, 70 cases (17%) of malignant hemopathies were collected
We excluded all cases of malignant hemopathies diagnosed outside our study period, bone marrow (BM) smears not accompanied by a peripheral blood (PB) counts and smear, non hematological disorders and BM smear controls for patients already diagnosed
Summary
The myelogram is mainly performed for cytomorphological examination of bone marrow cells, and to proceed to other analyses such as immunophenotypic, flow cytometry, cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and microbiological tests. A comprehensive diagnosis of a BM disorder often requires an experienced cytologist to do the integration of various diagnostic approaches These include peripheral blood (PB) counts and smear evaluation, BM aspirate smear, particle clot section, BM trephine biopsy and imprint morphology, together with results of other relevant investigations such as cytochemistry, immunophenotypic analysis, cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques, as well as biochemical and microbiological test results, as appropriate.
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